Alpaca Outage History
114 incidents recorded over the last 365 days, 92 of them resolved. Durations are measured from when PulsAPI first saw the problem to when it cleared, which is usually longer than the vendor's own figure.
Every Recorded Alpaca Incident
| Date | Incident | Duration | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 22, 2026 | Scheduled maintenance for Sandbox and Production on Saturday, August 22, 2026, from 7:00 AM to 10:00 AM ET.Scheduled maintenance is currently in progress. We will provide updates as necessary. | 3h 0m | Scheduled |
| Aug 20, 2026 | New account sign-up errorsBetween approximately 3:30 PM and 8:00 PM ET on August 19, 2026, some new users were intermittently unable to complete account registration due to maintenance work that caused sign-up attempts to time out. Existing… | -1024 min | Resolved |
| Aug 20, 2026 | Order rejections at pre-market session openOn August 20, 2026, a subset of equity orders submitted during the early pre-market session were rejected between approximately 4:00 AM and 4:01 AM ET. A configuration change applied ahead of the session caused the… | -216 min | Resolved |
| Aug 13, 2026 | Scheduled Sandbox maintenance on Thursday, August 13th, 2026,6:00 PM ET to 8:00 PM ETThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| Aug 12, 2026 | Investigating position update issue after sell orders issueThis issue is now resolved. Thank you for your patience and understanding. | 8h 35m | Resolved |
| Aug 8, 2026 | Scheduled Production maintenance on Saturday, August 8th, 2026. 7:00 AM ET to 9:00 AM ETThe maintenance completed successfully. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| Aug 6, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance of Sandbox on Thursday, August 6th, 2026 6:00 PM ET to 8:00 PM ETThe maintenance was completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| Aug 4, 2026 | Order Status DisrepanciesThis issue has been resolved. If you are experiencing discrepancies, please reach out to Alpaca support. | 3h 10m | Resolved |
| Aug 3, 2026 | Delays in Trade Confirmation EmailsThis issue has been resolved. Please refer to your trade confirmations to view today's trades, once available. Thank you for your patience and understanding as we worked to implement a fix. | 54 min | Resolved |
| Aug 1, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance of Sandbox & Production - Saturday, August 1st, 2026 7:00 AM ET to 8:30 AM ETThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 1h 30m | Scheduled |
| Jul 31, 2026 | Issue on Overnight Trading AvailabilityOn July 31, 2026, between approximately 3:15 AM and 4:00 AM ET, customers experienced overnight order rejections after aggregate overnight activity exceeded a capacity control at an execution venue. Alpaca temporarily… | 2h 30m | Resolved |
| Jul 30, 2026 | JMKE IPO Withdrawal Window Notification DelayOn July 29, 2026, customers with Jersey Mike's \(JMKE\) IPO orders did not receive the expected withdrawal-window notification. On July 30, between approximately 9:22 AM and 1:10 PM ET, related IPO allocation updates… | 4h 14m | Resolved |
| Jul 30, 2026 | "last_equity" Field Showing Stale Closing Prices for Some AccountsThis issue has been resolved. Thank you for your patience as our team worked to reflect the most recent close prices. | 3h 58m | Resolved |
| Jul 25, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance of Sandbox & Production - Saturday, July 25th, 2026 7:00 AM ET to 8:00 AM ETThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 1h 0m | Scheduled |
| Jul 24, 2026 | Paper Trading: Portfolio Service DegradationResolved: All affected services have returned to normal operation. API response times have normalized, and the portfolio graph is loading successfully on the dashboard. We will continue monitoring to ensure continued… | 1h 40m | Resolved |
| Jul 21, 2026 | Issue in Portfolio History service for requests covering periods prior to June 1, 2026.On July 21, 2026, between approximately 4:33 AM and 3:18 PM ET, Portfolio History requests covering periods before June 1, 2026 may have returned inaccurate or unavailable data while historical records were being… | 4h 53m | Resolved |
| Jul 21, 2026 | Intermittent Portfolio History AvailabilityOn July 21, 2026, between approximately 4:46 AM and 6:37 AM ET, customers may have experienced intermittent errors for recent Portfolio History requests due to a processing compatibility issue. Our engineering… | 44 min | Resolved |
| Jul 21, 2026 | Issues with Account Creation and OnboardingOn July 21, 2026, between approximately 2:16 AM and 4:42 AM ET, there were disruptions to account creation and onboarding caused by a capacity limitation affecting a related processing service. Our engineering… | 2h 4m | Resolved |
| Jul 14, 2026 | [RESOLVED] Intermittent errors across Paper Trading API endpointsOur team is aware of intermittent errors occurring across multiple Paper Trading API endpoints between 9:36 and 10:00 AM ET. The issue has since been mitigated. Thank you for your patience as service was restored. | 0 min | Resolved |
| Jul 13, 2026 | [RESOLVED] Intermittent 5xx Errors Affecting Trading and Account RequestsThe intermittent 5xx errors affecting some order placement and account-related requests have been resolved. The issue was temporary and has been mitigated. Please retry any failed requests. | -21 min | Resolved |
| Jul 12, 2026 | [RESOLVED] Users holding paper accounts on Algodash being rerouted to the login page after successful loginA subset of users accessing paper trading accounts experienced an issue in algodash where, after successfully logging in, they were redirected back to the login page instead of being granted access to their… | 0 min | Resolved |
| Jul 11, 2026 | Cost basis for the asset SKHYV is currently set as 0This incident has been resolved. | 1h 57m | Resolved |
| Jul 11, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance of Sandbox & Production - Sat, Jul 11, 7:00–9:30 AM EDTThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 30m | Scheduled |
| Jul 10, 2026 | [RESOLVED] Duplicate DIVNRA (withholding) tax entries for the QQQ dividendThis incident has been resolved. | 0 min | Resolved |
| Jul 7, 2026 | some accounts May See incorrect Cost Basis for Crypto PositionsIssue is fully resolved now. Please reach out to us if you are seeing any issue in crypto positions. | 1h 52m | Resolved |
| Jul 3, 2026 | For Some Accounts, Cash Withdrawable Balance Displaying Up to $0.02 More Than AvailableThis incident has been resolved. | 6h 48m | Resolved |
| Jun 30, 2026 | Account balances display issueOn June 30, 2026, between approximately 5.20 AM ET and 6:36 AM ET, some accounts briefly displayed missing positions or zero equity in our broker dashboard and APIs. During our scheduled daily processing, a step… | 10 min | Resolved |
| Jun 27, 2026 | Elevated Order Request TimeoutsOn June 27, 2026, from approximately 4:01 AM to 6:03 AM ET, a subset of order requests experienced elevated timeouts due to temporary database connectivity issues caused by increased connection pressure. Our… | -370 min | Resolved |
| Jun 27, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance: Saturday, June 27th, 2026 ( 7:00 AM to 09:00 AM EDT )The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| Jun 26, 2026 | Increased Errors and Timeouts on Broker API EndpointsThis incident has been resolved. | 29 min | Resolved |
| Jun 24, 2026 | Resolved: Intermittent API Failures (10:15 -10:35 UTC)On June 24, 2026, our platform experienced a brief period of elevated API errors between approximately 6:14 AM ET and 6:18 AM ET. An unusually high volume of inbound connections to our production API exceeded the… | 0 min | Resolved |
| Jun 16, 2026 | [RESOLVED] SPCX Fractional Trading Briefly Unavailable During Extended HoursThere was a brief disruption to fractional SPCX trading during today's extended hours session. We identified an issue that required us to temporarily suspend fractional EH trading at 8:41 AM EST. We are pleased to… | 0 min | Resolved |
| Jun 14, 2026 | Funding Services Disruption - ResolvedTime: June 14, 2026 | 04:11-06:00 AM UTC Identified (04:11 UTC): Funding services - funding wallets, instant funding, and deposits/withdrawals - were unavailable due to extended maintenance by an upstream payment… | -720 min | Resolved |
| Jun 13, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance: Saturday, June 13th, 2026 ( 7:00 AM to 10:00 AM EDT )The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 3h 0m | Scheduled |
| Jun 11, 2026 | [ Resolved ]Intermittent Order Rejections on One Execution VenueTime: June 11, 2026 | 11:05 AM – 11:17 AM EDT Our connection to one of our execution venues experienced a brief disconnection. Orders submitted during this period that were pending routing were rejected by the venue… | 0 min | Resolved |
| Jun 6, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance: Saturday, June 6th, 2026 ( 7:00 AM to 10:00 AM EDT )The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 3h 0m | Scheduled |
| Jun 6, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance: Friday, June 5th, 2026 (8:00 PM to 8:30 PM EDT)The scheduled maintenance is now completed. | 30 min | Scheduled |
| Jun 1, 2026 | Journal Processing Delays — June 1, 2026On June 1, 2026, our platform experienced a processing delay affecting journal cash transfers \(JNLCs\). The issue originated from a surge in journal volume at market open, which caused unexpected delays. However, no… | 1h 42m | Resolved |
| May 30, 2026 | Broker API and Trading API TimeoutsOn May 29, 2026, at 10:05 PM ET, Alpaca experienced an increase in timeout errors for Broker and Trading API services for approximately nine minutes. Services were restored quickly and our team is continuing to monitor… | 3 min | Resolved |
| May 28, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance: May 28, 2026 (6-7 PM EDT)The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 1h 0m | Scheduled |
| May 28, 2026 | Alpaca Documentation Site Experiencing Intermittent IssuesThis incident is resolved. Thank you for your patience. | 2h 4m | Resolved |
| May 27, 2026 | Urgent Production maintenance on Wednesday, May 27. Here’s what to expectThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 15 min | Scheduled |
| May 27, 2026 | Alpaca Documentation site is OfflineOur documentation site online and the issue has been resolved. Thank you for your patience. | 56 min | Resolved |
| May 26, 2026 | Broker API Endpoints are receiving timeout errorsThis issue has been resolved, and endpoint connections are now fully operational. Thank you for your patience. | 1h 16m | Resolved |
| May 26, 2026 | Delays in Cash Settlement ProcessingFollowing the U.S. Memorial Day holiday weekend, some accounts that sold U.S. equities on Friday, May 22 experienced a delay in withdrawable cash being updated on Tuesday, May 26. The issue was identified at 4:25 AM… | 3h 24m | Resolved |
| May 23, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance: May 23, 2026 (7–8 AM EDT)The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 1h 0m | Scheduled |
| May 23, 2026 | Disruption of Trading API servicesOn May 22, 2026, at 10:06 PM ET, Alpaca experienced a partial outage of Trading API services for approximately five minutes. Services were restored quickly and our team is continuing to monitor Trading API services to… | -166 min | Resolved |
| May 21, 2026 | Maintenance in Sandbox Today ( 21st May 2026) @ 6pm-8pm - EDTThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| May 21, 2026 | Investigating Issue with Double ExecutionsOn May 21, 2026, our platform experienced an issue where a subset of overnight fractional limit orders received duplicate executions. The issue affected orders placed between 8:00 PM ET on May 20, 2026 and approximately… | 6h 2m | Resolved |
| May 19, 2026 | End of Day reporting positions delayedThe position data processing job has completed successfully. This incident is now resolved. If you notice any remaining discrepancies, please don't hesitate to reach out. Thank you for your patience during this time | 1h 30m | Resolved |
| May 16, 2026 | Delayed EOD Balance & Position SnapshotEOD balance and position batch processing has completed successfully. | 53 min | Resolved |
| May 15, 2026 | Overnight Trading Symbol Status Update IssueOn May 15, we identified an issue affecting overnight trading. Some securities that are generally eligible for overnight trading were temporarily ineligible for overnight trading, preventing clients from placing or… | 1h 16m | Resolved |
| May 12, 2026 | Delay in Journal ProcessingOn May 12, 2026, our platform experienced a processing delay affecting journal transfers. The issue originated from an unexpected surge in volume. However, no transactions were lost, rejected, or duplicated and there… | 23h 44m | Resolved |
| May 12, 2026 | Accounts not activated due to ledgie timeoutWe are investigating above issue. Updates will follow. | 2007h 39m | Resolved |
| May 9, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance: May 9, 2026 (7–9 AM EDT)The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| May 5, 2026 | Delayed availability of Settled Cash and EOD PositionsOn the night of May 4 our overnight batch processing cycle was delayed due to issues affecting 2 critical jobs. As a result, settled cash availability was four hours later than their normal window. We deployed two code… | 5h 43m | Resolved |
| Apr 27, 2026 | Dashboard SMS 2FALogin for Trading Dashboard is working normally again.. | 7h 40m | Resolved |
| Apr 11, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance- April 2026The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 30m | Scheduled |
| Apr 7, 2026 | JIT Reports are not available for 6-April-2026We have fixed the issue and reports are now available | 44 min | Resolved |
| Apr 4, 2026 | Planned Infrastructure Upgrade - Saturday, April 4, 2026The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| Mar 31, 2026 | Service degradation across multiple API'sThe issue has been fully resolved and we are marking this incident as closed. If you observe any further issues, please don't hesitate to reach out to us. | 44 min | Resolved |
| Mar 28, 2026 | Scheduled Sandbox Maintenance due to Infrastructure Upgrade — March 28, 2026The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| Mar 23, 2026 | Journals DelayedJournal processing are back to normal | 25 min | Resolved |
| Mar 17, 2026 | marketing website downWebsite is back up and there was no impact. | 13 min | Resolved |
| Mar 14, 2026 | Scheduled Maintenance- March 2026The scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 2h 0m | Scheduled |
| Mar 12, 2026 | intermittently Orders are not filled**Impact:** On March 12, 2026, our trading platform experienced intermittent connectivity to multiple trading venues. Consequently, orders were either not successfully delivered to venues or remained in a pending… | 3h 23m | Resolved |
| Mar 9, 2026 | Journal processing is stuck in "sent_to_clearing" state## **Service Status Update: Transaction Processing Delay \(March 8-9, 2026\)** ## **Root Cause** On the evening of March 8, 2026, our platform experienced a disruption in the processing of journal entries… | 51 min | Resolved |
| Feb 14, 2026 | Scheduled MaintenanceThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 1h 0m | Scheduled |
| Feb 9, 2026 | Timeouts on Options Market Data SnapshotsThis issue has been resolved. | 35 min | Resolved |
| Feb 9, 2026 | Delay in instantfunding settlementsIssue is resolved | 12 min | Resolved |
| Feb 6, 2026 | Time outs on accountsThe endpoint is now stabilized and we are not seeing and more errors | 1h 9m | Resolved |
| Feb 4, 2026 | Account activation is delayedThe issue is fixed and service is back to normal | 57 min | Resolved |
| Jan 30, 2026 | Test Incident (Planned) — No Services ImpactedThis incident has been resolved. | 4 min | Resolved |
| Jan 23, 2026 | Response-times-are-increasing-due-to-database-connection issueAs everything is fine now , Marking this incident resolved here. | 36 min | Resolved |
| Jan 20, 2026 | Intermittent delay in API response for orders and JNLC# **Service update — Order processing & account sync** **January 20, 2026** **What happened \(short\):**A background database process created by a price-update job held an open transaction for an extended period… | 1h 6m | Resolved |
| Jan 12, 2026 | Elevated Error Rates Across multiple AP's - 500 Error# January 13th update **Follow-up: Resolution of Monday Market Open Incident** As a follow-up to our communication regarding Monday’s service instability, we are providing a summary of our findings and the corrective… | 3h 51m | Resolved |
| Jan 10, 2026 | Scheduled MaintenanceThe scheduled maintenance has been completed. | 1h 0m | Scheduled |
| Jan 6, 2026 | BOD process delayed## **Service Status Update: Account Data Processing Delay \(January 6, 2026\)** ### **What Happened** On the morning of January 6, 2026, our platform experienced a delay in the standard start-of-day data… | 3h 2m | Resolved |
| Jan 1, 2026 | Delay in Balance UpdateWe are marking this resolved as all the balances have been updated. | 11 min | Resolved |
| Dec 29, 2025 | Support Forum Read OnlyPayment issue resolved. The forum is working normally. | 13 min | Resolved |
| Dec 15, 2025 | Degraded Performance – Broker API & Live Trading## **Intermittent Broker & Trading API Failures \(December 15, 2025\)** We sincerely apologize for the service degradation experienced by our partners today, December 15, 2025. This incident primarily affected the… | 6h 4m | Resolved |
| Dec 15, 2025 | Degraded Performance: Instant Funding V1 API## **Degraded Instant Funding API Performance \(December 15, 2025\)** ### **What Happened** Starting at approximately 7:24 AM EST \(12:24 UTC\) on December 15, 2025, clients using the Instant Funding API… | 5h 14m | Resolved |
| Dec 15, 2025 | Journals are getting Stuck## **Transaction Processing Delays and Restoration \(December 15, 2025\)** We sincerely apologize for the service degradation experienced on December 15, 2025, which primarily affected the timely processing of… | 2h 49m | Resolved |
| Dec 5, 2025 | Resolved: Brief Cloudflare Outage Impacted Some Alpaca ServicesDue to a brief Cloudflare outage (~16-24 minutes), some Alpaca services including our public documentation site, Broker dash, and website were temporarily unavailable. Our APIs (including Trading API and Broker API)… | 0 min | Resolved |
| Dec 2, 2025 | API Service DegradationWe are committed to providing a reliable and stable platform for our B2B partners. We sincerely apologize for the disruption experienced on December 1, 2025, which resulted in intermittent API service degradation. We… | 23 min | Resolved |
| Nov 25, 2025 | Delay in updating today's account balances for subset of accounts.We understand the importance of timely and accurate balance information. This update provides details regarding a delay in the synchronization of beginning-of-day balances for some partner accounts that occurred on the… | 3h 0m | Resolved |
| Nov 21, 2025 | BOD Job Experienced a DelayThis incident has been resolved. | 1h 29m | Resolved |
| Nov 18, 2025 | Alpaca Applications DownCloudflare has resolved their incident and we have migrated our domains back to Cloudflare. | 7h 13m | Resolved |
| Nov 18, 2025 | JNLC's are getting stuck due to large batch processing.We are providing an update on a service interruption that impacted transaction processing on **November 18, 2025**. ### **What Happened** During a period of heavy transaction load, a specific internal maintenance… | 1h 46m | Resolved |
| Nov 14, 2025 | Outage of Trading/Broker APIs due to deployment issueThis incident has been resolved | 0 min | Resolved |
| Nov 13, 2025 | Journals are stuck in "Sent_to_Clearing" statusThis incident has been resolved. | 3h 11m | Resolved |
| Nov 13, 2025 | Duplicated dividends processed for asset AAPLWe are issuing an update regarding a brief service issue that occurred on **November 13, 2025**, which temporarily caused an incorrect display of cash and buying power for certain accounts. ### **What Happened** A… | 4 min | Resolved |
| Nov 12, 2025 | Withdrawable cash display discrepancyWe are reporting on a service issue that temporarily displayed incorrect **Cash Withdrawable** balances for a subset of users, starting late on **November 10, 2025**, and resolving after our Beginning of Day \(BOD\)… | 3h 32m | Resolved |
| Nov 11, 2025 | Accounts Stuck in “Approved” StatusWe are reporting on a service interruption that affected the activation of new accounts for several partners, starting on or around **November 10–11, 2025**. ### **What Happened** Our automated system responsible for… | 25 min | Resolved |
| Nov 4, 2025 | End of day - Balance and position snapshot is delayed for 3-NOV## Incident Summary: The issue originated early that morning with a delay in our end-of-day job, which impacted balance and position snapshots and led to inaccuracies in several financial calculations. Crucially, this… | 25h 8m | Resolved |
| Oct 29, 2025 | OPRA Market Data OutageThe issue has been resolved. Live data resumed normal operation around 3:15 PM EST, and historical data was backfilled and corrected shortly after. The Exegy team has confirmed resolution and will implement additional… | 4h 56m | Resolved |
| Oct 27, 2025 | Increase in database connections due to spike in v1/accounts/activitiesIdentified the issue and is fixed | 1h 41m | Resolved |
| Oct 23, 2025 | Journal v2 status event endpoint is currently downThis incident has been resolved. | 9h 40m | Resolved |
| Oct 22, 2025 | Intermittent OPRA Market Data OutagesOur market data vendor has confirmed that OPRA data is now back online and operating normally. We will continue to monitor the situation and issue a new update if any additional outages occur. | 1h 2m | Resolved |
| Oct 22, 2025 | Brokerage trading partners unable to login to dashboardThis incident has been resolved. | 0 min | Resolved |
| Oct 20, 2025 | Login Issues Due to AWS OutageThis incident has been resolved. | 3h 15m | Resolved |
| Oct 18, 2025 | Delay in end of day balance and position availability for 17-OCT-2025.This incident has been resolved. | 6h 10m | Resolved |
| Oct 16, 2025 | Ledger system IssueSystems are stabilized | 27 min | Resolved |
| Oct 16, 2025 | End of day job to calculate balance and position is running longer than expected.We’ve resolved the earlier delay with our End-of-Day (EOD) processing for October 15th. All jobs have now completed successfully, end-of-day balances and positions are now available, and funds from yesterday's sales are… | 3h 38m | Resolved |
| Oct 13, 2025 | New orders are rejected due to validation.**Summary** On October 13, 2025, one of our automated risk controls activated during an unusually high wave of fractional buy orders just before the market opened. The control is designed to pause accepting new… | 0 min | Resolved |
| Oct 11, 2025 | Datase Migration : Postpone the scheduled maintenance due to potential disruption.This incident has been resolved. | 12 min | Resolved |
| Oct 9, 2025 | Intermittent Database Connection Failure – Investigation UnderwayA change in our monitoring system resulted in an alert erroneously firing indicating the database was down. In order to resolve this quickly the database was restarted, resulting in the outage. | 1 min | Resolved |
| Oct 7, 2025 | High DB connection usage creating intermittent API failureHigh usage of database connections was identified around 6:00 PM ET. The team was able to identify an application process that was creating contention due to a lock wait, which persisted even after the request timed… | 13h 52m | Resolved |
| Sep 23, 2025 | Intermittent Broker API Latency and TimeoutsTraffic is back to normal and stabilized | 1h 17m | Resolved |
| Sep 15, 2025 | OPRA Message Processing IssueWe use aeron transport to send the preprocessed Exegy data from GCP VMs to our Kubernetes cluster. The aeron-driver component which is responsible for the UDP message transport, showed many NAKs \(retransmissions\) and… | 19h 49m | Resolved |
| Sep 10, 2025 | Options Market Data AffectedThis incident has been resolved. | 24h 22m | Resolved |
| Sep 5, 2025 | API Request DelayedWe recently deployed an authentication related infrastructure change that got overwhelmed at market open due to high request rate on our api. This was triggering several alerts as well as customer complaints about… | 8 min | Resolved |
| Sep 4, 2025 | Partial outage on the OPRA market data streamThis incident has been resolved. | 59 min | Resolved |
| Sep 3, 2025 | 8/29 ACH Display of Deposits AffectedThe issue with ACH deposits from Friday, August 29, has been fully resolved. All pending transfers have been processed and are now correctly displayed in customer accounts. We have confirmed that all funds are… | 41 min | Resolved |
How to Read This Alpaca Incident Log
Each row is an incident PulsAPI observed, not a summary written afterwards. The duration is wall-clock time between the first failing check and the first clean one, so it includes the window before Alpaca acknowledged anything. Vendor post-mortems typically measure from acknowledgement, which is why their numbers are usually shorter.
Incidents still open have no duration yet and are listed as ongoing rather than being given a running total. The archive covers the last 365 days; anything older has aged out of the window rather than never having happened.
The longest single Alpaca outage in this window ran 83d 15h, against a mean recovery of 21h 28m. If you depend on Alpaca in a customer-facing path, the longest figure is the one to design around. The mean is what happens on a normal bad day; the maximum is what happens on the worst one.